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　　Safety and Tolerability of Alveolar Type II Cell Transplantation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

　　特发性肺纤维化（IPF）中肺泡Ⅱ型细胞移植术的安全性和耐受性

　　关键词：特发性肺纤维化(Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)),肺泡Ⅱ型细胞移植(Alveolar Type II Cell Transplantation),安全性(safety),耐受性(tolerability)

　　Abstract

　　摘要

　　Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal（致命的）lung disease with limited response to currently available therapies. Alveolar type II (ATII) cells act as progenitor cells（祖细胞）in the adult lung, contributing to alveolar repair during pulmonary injury. However, in IPF, ATII cells die and are replaced by fibroblasts（成纤维细胞）and myofibroblasts（肌成纤维细胞）. In previous preclinical studies, we demonstrated that ATII-cell intratracheal transplantation（气管内移植）was able to reduce pulmonary fibrosis. The main objective of this study was to investigate the safety and tolerability of ATII-cell intratracheal transplantation in patients with IPF.

　　背景：特发性肺纤维化是一种渐进的、致命的(fatal)肺部疾病，目前治疗方法有限。在成人肺中，肺泡Ⅱ型细胞作为祖细胞(progenitor cell)，具有肺泡修复的功能。然而，在特发性肺纤维化（IPF）中，肺泡Ⅱ型细胞死亡，并由成纤维细胞(fibroblasts)和肌成纤维细胞(myofibroblasts)所取代。在以往的临床实验中，我们已证实肺泡Ⅱ型细胞气管内移植能减少肺纤维化。本研究旨在探讨特发性肺纤维（IPF）患者在接受肺泡Ⅱ型细胞气管内移植术的安全性和耐受性。

　　Methods: We enrolled 16 patients with moderate and progressive IPF who underwent ATII-cell intratracheal transplantation through fiberoptic bronchoscopy（支气管镜检查法）. We evaluated the safety and tolerability of ATII-cell transplantation by assessing the emergent adverse side effects（副作用）that appeared within 12 months. Moreover, pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms, and disease extent（病变范围）during 12 months of follow-up（随访期） were evaluated.

　　方法：我们选择了患有中度的和渐进性特发性肺纤维化患者，共计16名。通过纤维支气管镜法(bronchoscopy)，对他们实施肺泡Ⅱ型细胞气管内移植术。通过估测在12个月内出现的紧急副作用(side effect)来评估此移植术的安全性和耐受性。此外，我们还对肺功能，呼吸症状以及在12个月随访期内的出现的病变范围进行了评估。

　　Results: No significant adverse events were associated with the ATII-cell intratracheal transplantation. After 12 months of follow-up, there was no deterioration（恶化）in pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms, or disease extent.

　　结果：肺泡Ⅱ型细胞气管内移植，没有出现显著的不良反应。12个月随访期后，在肺功能，呼吸症状和病变范围方面均没有恶化。

　　Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis that ATII-cell intratracheal transplantation is safe and well tolerated in patients with IPF. This study opens the door to designing a clinical trial to elucidate the potential beneficial effects of ATII-cell therapy in IPF.

　　结论：研究结果证实了特发性肺纤维（IPF）患者接受肺泡Ⅱ型细胞气管内移植术具有安全性和良好耐受性这一假说。本研究开启了通过设计临床试验来阐明肺泡Ⅱ型细胞治疗在特发性肺纤维（IPF）中潜在的有效影响之门。

Glossary

　　tolerability[,t?l?r?'bil?ti] 耐药性

　　Tolerability refers to the degree to which overt adverse effects of a drug can be tolerated by a patient.

　　Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis 特发性肺纤维化

　　Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and ultimately fatal disease characterized by a progressive decline in lung function.

　　progenitor cells祖细胞

　　A progenitor cell is a biological cell that, like a stem cell, has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell, but is already more specific than a stem cell and is pushed to differentiate into its "target" cell.

　　fibroblasts[fa?br?b'lɑ:sts] 成纤维细胞

　　A fibroblast is a type of cell that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing.

　　myofibroblasts肌成纤维细胞

　　A myofibroblast is a cell that is in between a fibroblast and a smooth muscle cell in phenotype.

　　bronchoscopy[b'r?nt??sk?p?] 支气管镜检查法

　　Bronchoscopy is an endoscopic technique of visualizing the inside of the airways for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

　　side effect副作用

　　In medicine, a side effect is an effect, whether therapeutic or adverse, that is secondary to the one intended.

　　symptom[?s?mpt?m] 症状

　　A symptom is a departure from normal function or feeling which is noticed by a patient, reflecting the presence of an unusual state, or of a disease.

　　deterioration[d??t??r??'re??n] 恶化

　　clinical trial 临床试验

　　讨论学习区

　　学员评论

　　焦点1

　　Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal（致命的） lung disease with limited response to currently available therapies.

　　特发性肺纤维化是一种渐进的、致命的(fatal)肺部疾病，目前治疗方法有限。

　　点评：此处译者处理的也很好，将“limited response”处理为”治疗方法有限“，若是小编翻译，则会按照原文选用对应、回应之类的词语，这样就是太拘泥于原文，犯词对词的错误。而译者的处理方法不仅忠实原文，而且符合医学用语。With limited response 中with用的也好，可以在中翻英是作为借鉴，用with代替相应的从句，让整个句子更加简洁。

　　焦点2

　　Alveolar type II (ATII) cells act as progenitor cells（祖细胞） in the adult lung, contributing to alveolar repair during pulmonary injury.

　　在成人肺中，肺泡Ⅱ型细胞作为祖细胞(progenitor cell)，具有肺泡修复的功能。

　　评论：原句中的contributing to 原意是有助于的意思，译者将其翻译成具有。。。的功能，将文中的动词在翻译是变成了中文中的名词词组，贴合了医学文体的需要。如果是小编来翻译的话大概难以在第一反应的时候，就想到这样做。

　　焦点3

　　（1）Moreover, pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms, and disease extent（病变范围） during 12 months of follow-up（随访期） were evaluated.

　　此外，我们还对肺功能，呼吸症状以及在12个月随访期内的出现的病变范围进行了评估。

　　（2）Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis that ATII-cell intratracheal transplantation is safe and well tolerated in patients with IPF. This study opens the door to designing a clinical trial to elucidate the potential beneficial effects of ATII-cell therapy in IPF.

　　结论：研究结果证实了特发性肺纤维（IPF）患者接受肺泡Ⅱ型细胞气管内移植术具有安全性和良好耐受性这一假说。本研究开启了通过设计临床试验来阐明肺泡Ⅱ型细胞治疗在特发性肺纤维（IPF）中潜在的有效影响之门。

　　评论：（1）（2）两句主要讨论的是主语的增译和减译。

　　（1）是一句被动态，可是如果按照被动直译，显然不符合中文习惯，此时加上主语我们，更通顺。但是主语我们也是在上文出现过的，贴合原文意思，其他情况下不可随意加主语。

　　（2）是讲实验的结论，要求的是客观性，如果文中加上我们的研究结果，会体现略主观性。同时，本句的重点在于讲结论，主语本就是研究结果，我们的可以删去。

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